The Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA) was established as an Authority by the Indian government in 1997 with the objective of regulating and managing the country's ground water development to preserve and protect it. The Authority is responsible for the regulation and control of ground water management and development, with the power to issue necessary regulatory directions for this purpose.

 

The CGWA's mandate includes the exercise of powers under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 for issuing directions and taking measures related to all matters referred to in sub-section (2) of Section 3 of the Act. The Authority can also resort to the penal provisions contained in Sections 15 to 21 of the Act. Additionally, the CGWA is responsible for regulating the construction of wells, registration of ground water abstraction structures, and the sale of ground water.

 

The Authority also focuses on the conservation and artificial recharge of ground water, including roof-top rainwater harvesting, stormwater recharge, and other means. The CGWA aims to protect ground water quality from deterioration resulting from the disposal of urban and industrial wastes. It also manages ground water in coastal aquifers and inland salinity in regards to the aspects not covered under coastal zone regulations. The CGWA clears solid and liquid waste disposal sites and grants clearance for the extraction of ground water to industrial establishments.

 

To achieve its goals, the CGWA adopts a proactive approach and sensitizes persons and users at different levels with regard to the need for judicious use and scientific management of ground water. The Authority organizes mass awareness programs involving users, beneficiaries, and NGOs, issues messages through news media, and organizes activities like registration of wells, grant of permission for the construction of new wells, and training on roof-top rainwater harvesting. It also issues insertions through electronic display boards and produces films on ground water protection and conservation. The CGWA provides notices to offenders, giving them sufficient time to explain their position and take ameliorative actions. It also holds personal hearings before imposing regulatory measures.

 

In conclusion, the Central Ground Water Authority plays a crucial role in regulating and managing ground water development in India. The Authority's proactive approach towards preserving and protecting ground water resources will go a long way in ensuring sustainable development for future generations.