India's tribal population comprises 8.6% of the total population, representing diverse cultures and communities. Within this diverse tapestry, there exists a subset of tribes known as Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs), who face heightened vulnerability and require special attention for their development.

 

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The unique challenges faced by PVTGs stem from their marginalization within the broader tribal landscape. More developed and assertive tribal groups tend to receive a significant portion of tribal development funds, leaving PVTGs with limited resources to address their specific needs. Recognizing this disparity, the Indian government took steps to prioritize the development of PVTGs and ensure they receive the necessary support.

 

The journey towards acknowledging and assisting PVTGs began in 1973 when the Dhebar Commission identified Primitive Tribal Groups (PTGs) as a distinct category of less-developed tribes. In 2006, the PTGs were officially renamed as PVTGs by the Government of India, emphasizing the need for their targeted development.

 

The government initiated a comprehensive identification process in 1975 to identify the most vulnerable tribal groups and designated them as PVTGs. Initially, 52 groups were identified, and in 1993, an additional 23 groups were included, bringing the total number of recognized PVTGs to 75 out of the 705 Scheduled Tribes in India.

 

PVTGs share common characteristics that contribute to their vulnerability. They are often homogenous communities with a small population, residing in geographically isolated regions. Many PVTGs lack a written language, rely on relatively simple technology, and experience a slower pace of social and economic change compared to other tribes.

 

Among the 75 listed PVTGs, the highest concentration is found in the state of Odisha, where several tribes struggle with various socio-economic challenges. This geographical concentration highlights the need for focused interventions and targeted development programs in the region to uplift and empower these marginalized communities.

 

Efforts to uplift PVTGs include provisions for their education, healthcare, livelihood opportunities, and preservation of their cultural heritage. The government, along with non-governmental organizations and civil society, has implemented various initiatives to address their specific needs and improve their overall well-being.

 

However, challenges remain on the path to inclusive development for PVTGs. Ensuring adequate funding, implementing tailored policies, and promoting active participation of PVTGs in decision-making processes are crucial steps towards empowering these vulnerable communities. Additionally, efforts must be made to strike a balance between preserving their unique cultural identity and fostering socio-economic progress.

 

By recognizing the distinct needs and vulnerabilities of PVTGs, India aims to create a more equitable society where every tribal community, regardless of their level of development, can thrive. Through targeted interventions and inclusive policies, we can pave the way for a brighter future for all PVTGs, nurturing their heritage while fostering their socio-economic progress.